EurekAlert! - Biology

The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.http://www.eurekalert.org en-usCopyright 2011 by the American Association for the Advancement of ScienceFri, 23 Sep 2011 13:12:04 EDTEurekAlert!http://www.eurekalert.org/images/logo.gifhttp://www.eurekalert.org The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.60webmaster@eurekalert.org (EurekAlert!)(<i>The Translational Genomics Research Institute</i>) The Translational Genomics Research Institute is part of a team of medical investigators receiving a $3.5 million grant from Susan G. Komen for the Cure to study triple-negative breast cancer, a highly aggressive form of this cancer that disproportionately affects African-Americans.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ttgr-tbc092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ttgr-tbc092311.php(<i>DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</i>) Lessons to be learned from nature could lead to the development of an artificial version of photosynthesis that would provide us with an absolutely clean and virtually inexhaustible energy source, says Berkeley Lab photosynthesis authority Graham Fleming and three international colleagues.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/dbnl-ltb092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/dbnl-ltb092311.php(<i>Johns Hopkins University</i>) Researchers have devised a protein "switch" that instructs cancer cells to produce their own anti-cancer medication.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/jhu-pc092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/jhu-pc092311.php(<i>EUREKA</i>) Materials that can remember their shape and switch from one form to another may sound like science fiction, they are actually real and already in use all around us. But the alloy used to produce shape memory materials, based on nickel and titanium is expensive. Some researchers have started looking for cheaper options.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/e-smm092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/e-smm092311.php(<i>Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres</i>) Scientists have identified an RNA molecule as a potential target for new Alzheimer's therapies.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/haog-ama092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/haog-ama092311.php(<i>University of Louisville</i>) University of Louisville bioengineering researchers will use a $3.33 million award from the Wallace H. Coulter Foundation to help commercialize promising academic innovations into medical solutions to benefit patients.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uol-uct092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uol-uct092311.php(<i>Swedish Research Council</i>) Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have built a very simple nanoantenna that directs red and blue colors in opposite directions, even though the antenna is smaller than the wavelength of light. The findings -- published in the online journal Nature Communications this week -- can lead to optical nanosensors being able to detect very low concentrations of gases or biomolecules.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/src-bns092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/src-bns092311.php(<i>Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA)</i>) Lianas whose stabilization rings of woody cells heal spontaneously after suffering damage serve as a natural example to bionic experts of self-repairing membranes. Empa researchers have borrowed this trick from nature and developed a polymer foam surface coating with a closed cell construction which not only reduces the pressure loss after the membrane is damaged but also makes the inflatable structure more resistant and giving it a longer operational life.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/sflf-nst092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/sflf-nst092311.php(<i>New York University</i>) NYU biologists will study the response of rice, a food staple for half the world's population, to environmental change under a four-year, $3.6 million grant from the National Science Foundation's Plant Genome Research Program.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nyu-nbt092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nyu-nbt092311.php(<i>Leopoldina</i>) The three-day Annual Assembly of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina titled "What is life?" is now starting at the Kongress und Kulturzentrum in Halle. Today's focus will be on "The Origin of Life" and "Elementary Life Processes -- Synthetic Life." Outstanding scientists will be honoured during the morning session. Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel and Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt Dr. Reiner Haseloff will speak in the afternoon.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/l-il092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/l-il092311.php(<i>University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna</i>) Diabetes affects not only humans but also animals. As in humans treatment should be based on an understanding of natural fluctuations in blood glucose levels but these are hard to determine. Researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, have now shown that a commercially available system for continuous glucose monitoring can be applied to dogs without requiring the animals to be kept in a clinic. The work is published the journal Veterinary Record.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uovm-kps092311.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uovm-kps092311.php(<i>The Translational Genomics Research Institute</i>) Two Arizona university graduate students working at the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) have each received $50,000 grants from the Salt River Project (SRP).http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ttgr-tgs092111.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ttgr-tgs092111.php(<i>American Thoracic Society</i>) Treatment with the calcium-sensitizing drug levosimendan may be effective in improving muscle function in patients with respiratory muscle weakness, which often accompanies chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure, according to researchers in the Netherlands, who studied the effects of the drug on healthy volunteers. The drug, which is normally prescribed in patients with acute heart failure,increases the sensitivity of muscle tissue to calcium, improving the muscle's ability to contract.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ats-hdo092111.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ats-hdo092111.php(<i>University College London</i>) Solar power could be harvested more efficiently and transported over long distances using tiny molecular circuits, according to research inspired by new insights into natural photosynthesis.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ucl-slo092111.php Fri, 23 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/ucl-slo092111.php(<i>University of California - Los Angeles</i>) UCLA life scientists have discovered the first evidence of the H1N1 virus in animals in Africa. In one village in northern Cameroon, a staggering 89 percent of the pigs studied had been exposed to the H1N1 virus, also known as the swine flu.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uoc--usf092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uoc--usf092211.php(<i>Arizona State University</i>) Biophysicists Marcia Levitus and Kaushik Gurunathan at the Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University along with their colleagues Hannah S. Tims, and Jonathan Widom of Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have been preoccupied with tiny, spool-like entities known as nucleosomes. Their latest insights into how these structures wrap and unwrap, permitting regulatory proteins to access, bind with and act on regions of DNA, recently appeared in the Journal of Molecular Biology.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/asu-aag092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/asu-aag092211.php(<i>Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute</i>) History and geology, not current ecology, are likely what has made tropical forests so variable from site to site, according to a new study published in the journal Science, co-authored by Liza Comita, research associate at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/stri-wmr092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/stri-wmr092211.php(<i>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News</i>) Innovation in the design of vaccines is rapidly expanding their use, safety, and effectiveness for disease prevention and therapeutic interventions. The enormous potential of OMICS sciences for global health and vaccine design is examined in "Vaccines of the 21st Century and Vaccinomics," a special issue of OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, the peer-reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/mali-2cv092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/mali-2cv092211.php(<i>University of Utah</i>) University of Utah researchers have discovered a new class of compounds that stick to the sugary coating of the AIDS virus and inhibit it from infecting cells -- an early step toward a new treatment to prevent sexual transmission of the virus.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uou-ths092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uou-ths092211.php(<i>Stanford University</i>) Stanford's Global Climate and Energy Project has awarded $3.5 million to five universities to develop new technologies that improve energy storage on the grid.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/su-ga092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/su-ga092211.php(<i>National Science Foundation</i>) For decades, ecologists have toiled to nail down principles explaining why some habitats have many more plant and animal species than others. Much of this debate is focused on the idea that the number of species is determined by the productivity of the habitat.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nsf-oth092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nsf-oth092211.php(<i>University of Calgary</i>) A new study on human impact to wildlife in some of Canada's most popular national parks has identified limits at which trails can be used before ecological disturbance takes place.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uoc-lfm092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/uoc-lfm092211.php(<i>National Science Foundation</i>) African ranchers often prefer to keep wild grazers like zebras off the grass that fattens their cattle. But a new study by Kenyan and University of California at Davis researchers shows that grazing by wild animals doesn't always harm, and may sometimes benefit, cattle. The results are published in this week's issue of the journal Science.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nsf-zvc092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nsf-zvc092211.php(<i>Texas A&M University</i>) An international research team led by researchers at the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVM) and University of California, Riverside (UCR) has released for the first time a large and robust DNA matrix that has representation for 99 percent of mammalian families, and covers the deepest divergences among all living mammals.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/tau-rgi092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/tau-rgi092211.php(<i>National Science Foundation</i>) An international team of researchers will begin gathering in the Indian Ocean next month, using aircraft, ships, moorings, radars, numerical models and other tools to study how tropical weather brews there and moves eastward along the equator, with reverberating effects around the globe.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nsf-spi092211.php Thu, 22 Sep 2011 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/nsf-spi092211.php

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