Assad accuses Turkey of helping Syrian 'terrorists'

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/assad-accuses-turkey-helping-syrian-terrorists-102128997.html

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The Unofficial Apple Weblog (TUAW): Daily iPhone App: Arrow Mania lets you hone your shooting skills by downing planes and solving puzzles

Arrow Mania is part puzzle, part arcade game that'll both entertain and challenge you when you have a few free minutes. The centerpiece of the game is an arrow-firing orb that you move through a maze of platforms using magnets. You must shoot targets to open doors and raise or lower platforms. Trickier shots require you to bounce the arrows around corners while you avoid hitting the friendly birds flying overhead.

There are also airplanes dropping parachute bombs that you can destroy in a hail of arrows. It's an all-round fun game that can be enjoyed by kids and adults alike. The game has 30 levels that start off short and easy and increase in length and difficulty. It also supports the retina graphics of the new iPad and the iPhone 4/4S.

Arrow Mania is available in the iOS App Store for 99-cents. It's a universal app that's compatible the iPad, iPhone and iPod touch running iOS 4 or later.

Share

Source: http://feeds.smartphonemag.com/~r/iPhoneLife_News/~3/qoYYJi2qZ4k/

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2 species fused to give rise to plant pest

Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Zymoseptoria tritici is often a headache for European farmers. This ascomycete originating from the Middle East attacks the leaves of wheat plants triggering "speckled leaf blotch", which can cut crop yields by up to 50 percent. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg and Aarhus University in Denmark have now taken a close look at the genome of a close relative, Zymoseptoria pseudotritici and have made a surprising discovery. The fungus which, unlike its more globally active cousin, preferentially attacks grasses in Iran, clearly arose just a few hundred years ago from the fusion of two unknown parent species. The researchers' results make it clear that entirely new and successful pest species can arise extremely rapidly by natural hybridisation.

If two different species breed successfully, the descendants are known as hybrids. While animal hybridisation in the wild tends to be a short-lived exception, primarily because the offspring are frequently less fit or even infertile, in plants and fungi speciation by crossing is an "everyday" evolutionary event. However, what happens at the gene level was previously unknown: in naturally occurring hybrid species, the initial mixing of the genomes usually took place so long ago that almost no traces remain in the genetic material.

Eva Holtgrewe Stukenbrock's team from the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology has now, for the first time, investigated the genome of a very recent hybrid population, in which, in evolutionary terms, hybridisation has only just occurred. The researchers have sequenced and aligned the genomes of five individuals of the fungal species Zymoseptoria pseudotritici which originates from Iran. "This revealed an unusual pattern of diversity", says Eva Stukenbrock. "We found numerous long regions that were identical in all the individuals. These were, however, regularly interspersed with highly variable segments."

These variable segments could always be assigned to two different "haplogroups", an individual comprising either one type or the other. The researchers soon worked out what had happened: these are the traces of a natural hybridisation event in the past. The genetic material of both "parent species" has clearly been retained within the population in the variable gene segments, while the identical regions in each case retain only the genetic information from one of the parents.

But that's not quite the whole story. By investigating the topology of the identical and variable segments, the degree of similarity and further characteristics of the genetic information, the scientists were able to reconstruct the entire evolutionary history of this recent fungal species. "The entire present day population originates from two individual parents from different species which crossed only once. Backcrossing between the parent species and the hybrids can certainly be ruled out", explains Eva Stukenbrock. "We can also state that hybridisation occurred around 380 generations ago. Given a typical rate of reproduction of at least once to around three times per year, speciation therefore occurred around 200 years ago."

The identity of the two original parents remains unclear, however. "We could not identify any matching species from our Iranian sample collection. This may either be purely and simply because our samples do not reflect the entire range of pest diversity, or because the hybrid descendants have driven out the parent species", she says. And this would not seem all that unlikely, as it is precisely in plants and fungi that new hybrids often have new characteristics that enable colonisation of other habitats or even offer competitive advantages over pre-established species.

This study by the Marburg-based researchers shows that new fungi which can also be of significance to agriculture can develop and successfully propagate extremely rapidly. "World trade in agricultural products promotes the rapid evolution of plant pests", says Eva Stukenbrock, "and this happens very simply by local fungal species, for example living on wheat, being unintentionally brought into contact with introduced species, which can then cross and form new species."

###

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: http://www.mpg.de

Thanks to Max-Planck-Gesellschaft for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 26 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/121456/__species_fused_to_give_rise_to_plant_pest

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Samsung Galaxy Chat QWERTY Ice Cream Sandwich handset announced

Even with much of the focus on the gargantuan 4.8-inch Galaxy S3, Samsung has shown it's still prepared to cater for all breeds of smartphone fanciers by announcing the Galaxy Chat handset.

The new non-sliding QWERTY candybar handset brings Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich and a focus on social with Samsung's cross-platform ChatON messaging app bundled in.

It features a dedicated launch key for the BBM-alike ChatOn service and, naturally, the familiar TouchWiz UI.

The budget Galaxy Chat, which will be rolled-out across Europe following an initial launch in Spain this month, boasts a 3.0-inch QVGA screen and will arrive with "a competitive price point."

US version also on the way?

At 11.7mm thick, the device comes with 4GB of on-board storage expandable to 36GB through a microSD slot, Bluetooth 3.0, 802.11n Wi-Fi and a 2-megapixel camera.

The Galaxy Chat will also become available in Latin America, Middle East, China, Southeast Asia, and Southwest Asia.

At present there's no mention of a US launch at present, but interestingly the company mentions that an LTE version is on the way.

Via: SlashGear

Source: http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/samsung-galaxy-chat-qwerty-ice-cream-sandwich-handset-announced-1088003?src=rss&attr=all

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Song Pop Hits 2 Million Daily Active Users, Many Of Them Probably Flirting

Call it the way we flirt now. Facebook games like Song Pop and Draw Something and apps like Pair are discovering novel ways to get you to hook up connect online. The space is ballooning to the point where there's even a couples app for co-founders. A little over a month since its late May launch, breakout app Song Pop has hit 2 million daily active users, CEO Mathieu Nouzareth?tells me. Though the game shows around 1.9 million daily active users on AppData, Nouzareth reveals that the real number is over 2 million because many people actually log in via their independent Song Pop accounts on iOS and Android. For context, hit Angry Birds Friends is presently at 3.3 million daily active users.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/uNdytdKJD38/

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Officials: 8 killed bombings in central Iraq

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/officials-8-killed-bombings-central-iraq-081550393.html

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Revolt in Japan ruling party, but government keeps majority

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/japan-ruling-partys-ozawa-says-quit-party-040810781--business.html

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