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DECATUR, Ga. ? The wife of Atlanta-area megachurch founder Bishop Eddie Long has filed for divorce after more than 20 years of marriage, but says she plans to withdraw the petition.
Vanessa Long filed for divorce Thursday in DeKalb County Superior Court in suburban Atlanta. She and Eddie Long, the pastor of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, married on March 10, 1990. According to the divorce petition, the couple is living in "a bona fide state of separation."
On Friday, Vanessa Long said in a statement issued through the church that she plans to withdraw the divorce petition. Her statement says, "I love my husband. I believe in him and admire his strength and courage."
She says that the divorce filing "followed years of attacks in the media that frustrated and overwhelmed me."
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Imagine a runaway boxcar heading toward five people who can't escape its path. Now imagine you had the power to reroute the boxcar onto different tracks with only one person along that route.
Would you do it?
That's the moral dilemma posed by a team of Michigan State University researchers in a first-of-its-kind study published in the research journal Emotion. Research participants were put in a three dimensional setting and given the power to kill one person (in this case, a realistic digital character) to save five.
The results? About 90 percent of the participants pulled a switch to reroute the boxcar, suggesting people are willing to violate a moral rule if it means minimizing harm.
"What we found is that the rule of 'Thou shalt not kill' can be overcome by considerations of the greater good," said Carlos David Navarrete, lead researcher on the project.
As an evolutionary psychologist, Navarrete explores big-picture topics such as morality ? in other words, how do we come to our moral judgments and does our behavior follow suit?
His latest experiment offers a new twist on the "trolley problem," a moral dilemma that philosophers have contemplated for decades. But this is the first time the dilemma has been posed as a behavioral experiment in a virtual environment, "with the sights, sounds and consequences of our actions thrown into stark relief," the study says.
The research participants were presented with a 3-D simulated version of the classic dilemma though a head-mounted device. Sensors were attached to their fingertips to monitor emotional arousal.
In the virtual world, each participant was stationed at a railroad switch where two sets of tracks veered off. Up ahead and to their right, five people hiked along the tracks in a steep ravine that prevented escape. On the opposite side, a single person hiked along in the same setting.
As the boxcar approached over the horizon, the participants could either do nothing ? letting the coal-filled boxcar go along its route and kill the five hikers ? or pull a switch (in this case a joystick) and reroute it to the tracks occupied by the single hiker.
Of the 147 participants, 133 (or 90.5 percent) pulled the switch to divert the boxcar, resulting in the death of the one hiker. Fourteen participants allowed the boxcar to kill the five hikers (11 participants did not pull the switch, while three pulled the switch but then returned it to its original position).
The findings are consistent with past research that was not virtual-based, Navarrete said.
The study also found that participants who did not pull the switch were more emotionally aroused. The reasons for this are unknown, although it may be because people freeze up during highly anxious moments ? akin to a solider failing to fire his weapon in battle, Navarrete said.
"I think humans have an aversion to harming others that needs to be overridden by something," Navarrete said. "By rational thinking we can sometimes override it ? by thinking about the people we will save, for example. But for some people, that increase in anxiety may be so overpowering that they don't make the utilitarian choice, the choice for the greater good."
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Michigan State University: http://www.newsroom.msu.edu
Thanks to Michigan State University for this article.
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BRUSSELS ? European Central Bank chief Mario Draghi hinted the bank was ready to play a bigger role in the resolution of Europe's debt crisis, but only after the 17 countries that use the euro tether their economies more tightly.
Speculation is mounting that EU leaders will align their budgetary policies more closely in order to bring government debt levels under control in the future. This must happen, Draghi told the European Parliament Thursday, before the ECB or other institutions could take more aggressive steps to help prevent the continent's current debt overload from ripping apart the euro and the global financial system.
"Other elements might follow, but the sequencing matters," Draghi said. "And it is first and foremost important to get a commonly shared fiscal compact right.
"Confidence works backwards: if there is an anchor in the long term, it is easier to maintain trust in the short term," he added. "After all, investors are themselves often taking decisions with a long time horizon, especially with regard to government bonds."
The ECB cannot lend directly to governments, including by buying their national bonds. It can, however, buy national bonds on the secondary market, lowering borrowing costs for governments. But it has resisted such action because it believes that would take the pressure off politicians to cut spending.
Draghi said such interventions "can only be limited" and said it was up to governments to first put their finances in order to convince bond markets that they are creditworthy borrowers.
"Governments must ? individually and collectively ? restore their credibility vis-a-vis financial markets," said Draghi, who only replaced Jean-Claude Trichet as ECB head a month ago.
Three relatively-small countries ? Greece, Ireland and Portugal ? had to be bailed out because of unsustainable debt levels, and Italy, the eurozone's third-largest economy, is facing intense strains as its borrowing costs surge.
A summit of EU leaders on Dec. 9 is expected to focus on how to make the eurozone more unified. The markets think that the eurozone has little choice but to back proposals for much closer coordination of their spending and budget policies.
Since the euro was established in 1999, the rules governing the eurozone have been fairly lax. A "commitment" for countries to keep their budget deficits in check was violated on numerous occasions, including by Germany, Europe's biggest economy.
The big worry in the markets now is that Italy, with its debt mountain of euro1.9 trillion ($2.55 trillion)is just too big to bail out under current rules.
Draghi said Wednesday's joint intervention by the world's leading central banks to make dollars more easily available is only a temporary measure. The move was wildly-cheered in the markets on Wednesday, with the Dow Jones industrial average rising nearly 500 points.
On Thursday, the Stoxx 50 index of leading European shares fell 0.4 percent in morning trading though there were encouraging signals in the bond markets, where the borrowing rates of France, Italy and Spain all fell amid hopes of an imminent resolution.
France and Spain survived a test of investor sentiment Thursday, as they managed to sell all the bonds they were planning at rates lower than feared.
Wednesday's coordinated action by central banks will ease borrowing for banks, but it does little to solve the underlying problem of mountains of government debt in Europe, leaving markets still waiting for a permanent fix.
Potentially, the ECB has unlimited financial firepower through its ability to print money. However, Germany finds the idea of monetizing debts unappealing, warning that it lets the more profligate countries off the hook for their bad practices. In addition, it conjures up bad memories of hyperinflation in Germany in the 1920s.
One option that appears to be surfacing is that the ECB could provide the Washington D.C.-based IMF with more resources so it can then lend it out to countries that need financial help. Reports earlier this week suggested that the IMF was gearing up to lend Italy, the eurozone's third-largest economy, with euro600 billion in loans.
"Draghi didn't rule out the ECB providing funds to the IMF to provide to Italy but he's equally making it very clear that the ultimate solution lies with the governments," said Simon Derrick, a senior analyst at the Bank of New York Mellon.
____
Pylas contributed from London.
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FILE - In this Nov. 25, 2011 file photo, Rhonda Cochran, left, and Tiffany Strickland load bags of Black Friday deals into a car at Bel Air Mall in Mobile, Ala. Retailers are reporting strong sales gains in November, boosted by a discount-fueled spending binge for the start of the holiday shopping season last weekend. Now, the challenge is to keep shoppers spending throughout the most important selling period of the year. (AP Photo/Mobile Press-Register, Mike Kittrell) MAGS OUT; NO SALES
FILE - In this Nov. 25, 2011 file photo, Rhonda Cochran, left, and Tiffany Strickland load bags of Black Friday deals into a car at Bel Air Mall in Mobile, Ala. Retailers are reporting strong sales gains in November, boosted by a discount-fueled spending binge for the start of the holiday shopping season last weekend. Now, the challenge is to keep shoppers spending throughout the most important selling period of the year. (AP Photo/Mobile Press-Register, Mike Kittrell) MAGS OUT; NO SALES
FILE - In this Nov. 25, 2011, Iris Killingsworth hands off Black Friday purchases to her mother, Bobbie James, at Northpark Mall in Ridgeland, Miss. Retailers are reporting strong sales gains in November, boosted by a discount-fueled spending binge for the start of the holiday shopping season last weekend. Now, the challenge is to keep shoppers spending throughout the most important selling period of the year. (AP Photo/The Clarion-Ledger, Vickie D. King) NO SALES
NEW YORK (AP) ? Oh what a difference a weekend can make.
Shoppers taking advantage of big discounts and earlier store hours during the start of the holiday shopping season last weekend helped boost retailers' revenue for the entire month of November.
Retailers from Macy's to Costco on Thursday reported monthly revenue at stores open at least a year ? an indicator of a merchant's health ? that beat Wall Street estimates. The overall tally for the 21 retailers that reported revenue for November rose 3.2 percent, according to the International Council of Shopping Centers.
November results offer an important benchmark for retailers and economists. During the holiday shopping season, merchants can make up to 40 percent of their revenue. The period that runs from November through December also gives valuable insights into what it takes to get Americans to spend in the weak economy.
"Clearly, consumers are focused on those bargains," said ICSC chief economist Mike Niemira. "It's a bit tougher to get shoppers to buy from a year ago."
November's results were boosted by the four-day weekend start on Thanksgiving Day, the traditional kickoff the shopping season. Americans spent $52.4 billion over the weekend, the highest total ever recorded during that time, according to the National Retail Federation.
While the figures released Thursday point to a solid start to the shopping season, they represent only a small slice of the industry. Dollar stores, home-improvement chains like Best Buy, consumer electronics stores like Home Depot and even Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, don't report monthly revenue.
Still, retailers can glean a lot from the numbers.
For instance, well-heeled shoppers continue to be resilient in the weak economy.
Luxury chain Saks Inc., which operates Saks Fifth Avenue, fared well, reporting a 9.3 percent increase. That's better than the 6.1 percent increase analysts had expected.
Macy's, which operates the Macy's and upscale Bloomingdale's department store chains, also posted a 4.8 percent gain, above the 3.9 percent increase that Wall Street analysts had expected. The company's Macy's chain, which was among the retailers who opened at midnight on Thanksgiving evening, benefited from the earlier opening.
"A strong Black Friday punctuated our very positive sales performance throughout November," said Terry J. Lundgren, Macy's chairman, president and chief executive in a statement.
But not every retailer had a strong showing in November. Those targeting lower and middle-income shoppers an uphill battled to get shoppers to spend.
"The lower-income shoppers are postponing their purchases or were cherry picking the deals," said Walter Loeb, a New York-based independent retail consultant.
Target posted a 1.8 percent increase, below the 2.8 percent gain that Wall Street analysts had expected. The discounter blamed the decline on lackluster toy sales.
Additionally, the company told analysts in November that it was also hurt by rival Wal-Mart's holiday layaway program that allows customers to pay-as-they go for gifts, hurt toy sales. Wal-Mart also has been heavily pushing low prices in its ad campaign, which likely hurt Target.
J.C. Penney, which targets middle-income shoppers, also reported disappointing results. The retailer said its decision not to open at midnight on Thanksgiving evening hurt revenue on the day after the holiday, which set the tone for the remainder of the weekend.
J.C. Penney reported a 2.0 percent sales drop, worse than the 1.8 percent decline that analysts had expected.
"Sales remained soft in-store throughout the holiday weekend," the company said in statement.
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